Photovoltaic Cells

the technology used to convert solar energy into electric power. Solar cell is a nonmechanical device made from silicon alloys

Solar cells:

I. Working principle:

Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy.  These photons contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a photovoltaic cell, they may be reflected, pass right through, or be absorbed.  Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity.  When enough sunlight (energy) is absorbed by the material (a semiconductor), electrons are dislodged from the material's atoms.  Special treatment of the material surface during manufacturing makes the front surface of the cell more receptive to free electrons, so the electrons naturally migrate to the surface. 

   When the electrons leave their position, holes are formed.  When many electrons, each carrying a negative charge, travel toward the front surface of the cell, the resulting imbalance of charge between the cell's front and back surfaces creates a voltage potential like the negative and positive terminals of a battery.  When the two surfaces are connected through an external load, such as an appliance, electricity flows. there will be  The Flow of Electricity.

2.The performance of a photovoltaic array is dependent upon sunlight.  Climate conditions (such as clouds or fog) have a significant effect on the amount of solar energy received by a photovoltaic array and, in turn, its performance.  Most modern modules are about 10% efficient in converting sunlight. Further research is being conducted to raise this efficiency to 20%.

3. Usages:

More complicated systems provide electricity to pump water, power communications equipment, and even provide electricity to our homes.

Photovoltaic Cells